Kate Chopin And Virginia Woolf s A Room Of One s Own Essay

Through their works, Kate Chopin and Virginia Woolf were able to portray a certain relationship between women and society. While some literary pieces are optimistic towards women, others are not. In this case, The Awakening, a novella written by Kate Chopin, focuses on the inner battle that the main character Edna faces throughout her life. On the other hand, Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own, discusses ideas related to gender inequality. Both women seem to be facing inner turmoil that correlates back to the relationship between women and society during these time periods. Ultimately, their experiences are what drives them to change how they fit into societal norms. Therefore, the texts in this essay theorize the relationship between women and society in a way that can be encouraging towards women. Edna, the protagonist in The Awakening, experiences this ongoing battle within herself. Besides this ongoing battle inside, she also has a tough time fitting into society and nature as well. In the following quote, Edna is referred to as Mrs. Ponteiller. â€Å" Mrs. Ponteiller was not a woman given to confidences, a characteristic hitherto contrary to her nature† (Chopin, 1263). Edna starting at an exceedingly young age had been very beside herself. However, there are certain people who influenced her as she grew older. She sees women like Adele Ratignolle and Mademoiselle Reisz and wonders why she cannot be more like them as they fit into society without any problem. The â€Å"her†

The Change in Gender Roles - 890 Words

In today’s world gender roles are a whole lot different than it was fifty years ago. Why has it changed so much? Has the views of how we live our life by changed that much. Maybe its the characteristics has swayed so far to make it change. Back in the day men would never wear anything that look like a diaper or looked like something that a toddler would wear. So what has changed in people in society to switch to use them? Men, the center of the family, a person that is to be at his best all the time can one day fall into something that is not suppose to happen. Everyday men are being put to the test in their jobs and now it is putting stress onto them. For a man they want people to look at them and say that he is a man because he has all the characteristics to be one. They would never use something that looks hideous. It takes the looks of men out the window. Why do they want to be that way? It may be because the pride of men. Also, why are there more men in advertisements tha n women? That one is a tough question to answer. From the beginning of time men were the ones that held the power. We never had anybody to challenge that power. Even through the events of the eighteenth century and through the nineteenth century men did everything. Women was the one that stayed at home and made sure that the house was kept up and there was cooked food on the table. Only recently in this last century has women made the charge to change that outlook. It took world war two for peopleShow MoreRelatedChanges Of Women s Gender Roles1373 Words   |  6 PagesChange in Women’s Gender Roles Due to advances in technology, the discovery of new lands, and changing public opinion; people desire new things and the equality of man is constantly changing. For thousands of years males were considered superior to females in most cultures. In a civilized society it was often considered the duty of the man to work and provide for his family. Alternately, it was perceived that women should stay home and take care of the children and that they were not able to performRead MoreGender Roles Changes Through The Years Essay2186 Words   |  9 PagesWomen Gender Role Changes Through the Years Gender roles have been changing throughout the centuries with both men and women. The most and drastic change has occurred in our 21st century to women. Women are now viewed as equals in the work and home, they are able to achieve just as much as men and no longer have limits suppressing them. There have been limits put on women since the beginning of time, women were to attend to the house and children but never other responsibilities beyond that. ThisRead MoreChanges, Gender Roles, And Attachment Styles Essay761 Words   |  4 Pagesin college, trailed by cohabitating and marriage, it no longer retains successful marriage qualities. This deteriorating happiness conversion, which will continue over the next 10 years, subsists explained in a few simple steps: current trends, gender roles, and attachment styles. Mark and Wendy’s relationship fell victim to a primary cultural alteration – cohabiting before marriage. In the past, couples did not live together prior to marriage, as it did not represent a cultural norm. Contrary toRead MoreGender Roles Have A Change Over Time1318 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, gender roles have been the foundation that determines the course of a civilization. These gender roles have undergone a change over time. It is important for every society to re-evaluate its preconceived ideas of gender and determine if that is still the norm for their society. When people think of gender roles we typically have set stereotypes in our head of what that means. Much of the time, what we believe, is not what is actually true. It is often argued what is right andRead MoreA Change of Opinion Regarding Gender Roles in Western Europe2712 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Genders in Western Europe Introduction A majority of people worldwide face the challenges of incorporating work and family life as a part of their daily routine. Despite the fact that the facts regarding income, occupation and life phase may differ accordingly, these challenges intersect all socioeconomic levels and both men and women feel the impacts directly. Problems have increased as families have started to contribute extra hours to the paid labor force, which has brought widespread acknowledgmentRead MoreEssay on The Change of Gender Roles During the First World War1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe Change of Gender Roles During the First World War When the First World War began in 1914, there was much discussion regarding the proper gender roles for British men and women. For men, the course of action seemed clear that they should enlist and fight. Yet, many men struggled under the pressure of warfare. For women, it was unclear how they should be involved in the war effort. Many men wanted the women to keep their traditional gender roles of taking care of the household. However, the lackRead More The Social Construction of Gender and Sexuality Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pagesexemplifies the definition of gender as a concept; gender is the expectations of a sex according to the culture of society. Sexuality, within this definition of gender, reflects society’s expectations, which are created in relation to the opposite sex. The variances between cultures means that gender expectations change within different cultures. These expectations put pressure on each member of society to conform and abide by the folkways of their own culture. The creation of gender expectations by societyRead MoreGender Roles Has Created An Ideal Set Of Rules And Behaviors1646 Words   |  7 Pagescry† and why do you suppose that is? The answer to the question is gender roles; society has created an ideal set of rules and behaviors that both men and women need to follow. These roles have been passed down from generation to generation to the point where both men and women are finally questioning why they have to live by a certain standard. No one knows for certain how gender roles came about or when they were created. These roles have been oppressing and crippling men and women because most ofRead MoreWhat Are Gender Roles?1123 Words   |  5 Pages101 Specific Gender Roles What are gender roles? Gender roles are those that are portrayed by a certain gender identity. In other words, a male and/or female should act and dress as if their gender is supposed to as seen by society. Guys will wear shorts and a T-shirt while girls will wear dresses and skirts; that is just how society sees an individual. Men and women’s gender roles reflect on what others will think in today’s society. Society sees men and women playing their own role. We expect aRead MoreGender Roles And Expectations Of Men And Women1009 Words   |  5 Pageshas been a trend of shift in roles and expectations of men and women. The shift was dynamic in the latter half of the twentieth century. World had been made a great stride in acquiring and adapting to the new definition of gender roles. These changes can be seen in the fields of education, media, economics as well as many other things. The reason for the change is a rapid increase in the number of women at workplaces-worldwide. Unlikely, this wave of change is not limited to developing

Human Resource Management Market Competencies

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Managementfor Market Competencies. Answer:` Introduction Human resource management is an approach that helps business organisations in managing their workforce in the best possible manner and in optimising the performance levels of the employees. The concept of human resource management was started during the industrial revolution and has greatly been evolving since then (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Human resource management uses a number of core functions, such as performance management, training and development, career development, etc. and non-core functions, such as employee motivation, attraction and retention, etc. to foster positive work conditions in the workplace and to improve the relations between the employees and the employers. Human resource management has been regarded as one of the most important departments that can assist an organisation in achieving market competencies and its organisational goals and objectives. Aligning the human resource management of a company with its organisational strategy can prove to be a huge benefit for the stakeholders as the employees can become more productive and efficient (Jackson, Schuler, Jiang, 2013). On the overall, human resource management can help business organisations in becoming more productive, efficient and profitable. Therefore, this report is aimed at discussing the ways in which human resource management can add value to an business organisation. Strategic Importance of Human Resource Management Business organisations are attaching a lot of value to human resource management because of the benefits it can have in the long run. The ways in which human resource management can add value to a business organisation are given below: Recruitment and selection recruitment and selection is a core function in human resource management that allows business organisations to identify upcoming job vacancies, advertising them, inviting and accepting applications and carrying out programs to select the right fir for the right job at the right time (University of California, 2015). Recruitment and selection is the stepping stone in human resource management that can help in adding value to the business organisations by ensuring that the workplace is never under staffed or over staffed with employees, so that the operations can run smoothly and the organisation can also save itself from unnecessary expenditures (French Rumbles, 2010). Recruitment and selection also add values to an organisation by recruiting those candidates who have the right personality and skill set that the organisation requires and ensures that the candidates will stick to the organisation for a longer period of time. Human resource management also a llows business organisations in selection a staffing approach, which is in accordance with their organisational strategy, so that they can fulfil the human resource demand of their subsidiaries. Training and development Training and development programs are learning programs that are designed and implemented by business organisations in order to help their employees in learning new skills and becoming more competent. Training and development, if regularly implemented in an organisation, can greatly help business organisations in becoming more competitive as the employees learn new skills and are able to perform better. An increase in the employee performance levels can help a company in bridging the gap between actual performance and expected performance levels (Jehanzeb Bashir, 2013). Further, training and development can also help in motivating the employees as they are able to experience growth opportunities in their careers. Business organisations that regularly arrange for training and development programs for their employees are able to keep the employees satisfied with their jobs and the employees in turn show less tendency to quit their companies. Thus, training an d development can greatly help a business organisation in becoming more competitive in the market and in developing a talented pool of employees (Hrwale, 2012). Performance management performance management is an approach that helps human resource managers in working in collaboration with the employees to plan, monitor and review their performance objectives and the contribution that the employees have been able to make to the organisation. Performance management adds a lot of value to a business organisation as it helps business organisations in fostering a workplace environment where performance is on the top of the priority list (Armstrong, Armstrong's Handbook of Performance Management: An Evidence-Based Guide to delivering high performance, 2009). It helps managers in optimising the performance of the employees and identifying the performance gaps. Identifying the performance gaps can also help the managers in identifying the skills that are lacking in the workforce and could have helped them in performing better. Consequently, the managers are able to identify the training needs of the employees and can design training programs that c an help the employees in learning the skills which they lack (Heathfield, 2016). Therefore, performance management helps human resource managers in adding value to their organisations. Legal compliance and labour relations in the modern day business world, the legal system and the labour unions are playing a dominant role. The legal authorities throughout the world have formulated certain rules and regulations that the business organisations are to follow while manging their employees. There are a number of policies that have been formulated by the legal authorities so that the employers behave in an ethical way towards their employees and do not treat them as machines. On the other hand, labour unions too are becoming more and more aware about their rights and are playing a greater role in the bargaining process. In such circumstances, human resource management ensures that all the human resource management practices of a company are compliant with the rules and policies framed by the government so that business organisations do not have to face legal issues (Kokemuller, n.d.). Further, it also helps in developing better relations with labour unions and employees so that the companies can foster a positive image in the market. Conclusion From the above information, it is evident that human resource management has a crucial role to play in business organisations and can add a lot of value to a firm because of its core functions as well as non-core functions. Bibliography Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., Jiang, K. (2013). An Aspirational Framework for Strategic Human Resource Management. The Academy of Management Annals, 8(1). French, R., Rumbles, S. (2010). Recruitment and Selection. Leading, Managing and Developing People. Jehanzeb, K., Bashir, D. N. (2013). Training and Development Program and its Benefits to Employee and Organization: A Conceptual Study . European Journal of Business and Management , 5(2). Hrwale. (2012, July 7). TRAINING DEVELOPMENT. Retrieved from www.hrwale.com: https://www.hrwale.com/2012/07/07/training-development/ University of California. (2015, July 17). Recruitment Selection Hiring Process . Retrieved May 30, 2017, from hr.ucr.edu: https://hr.ucr.edu/recruitment/guidelines/process.html Heathfield, S. M. (2016, October 31). Performance Management . Retrieved May 30, 2017, from www.thebalance.com: https://www.thebalance.com/performance-management-1918226 Armstrong, M. (2009). Armstrong's Handbook of Performance Management: An Evidence-Based Guide to delivering high performance. Kogan Page Publishers. Kokemuller, N. (n.d.). How Does HR Add Value to an Organization? . Retrieved May 31, 2017, from smallbusiness.chron.com: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/hr-add-value-organization-50980.html

The Blair Witch Project Essay Example

The Blair Witch Project Essay , The Blair Witch Project can be said to be a landmark in the history of the horror film. It introduced a new kind of horror, as it gave us the story of real people in real situation filming real events. This had not been done before, and it scared people in a completely different way than previous horror films. It brought back the audience screams that came about during screenings of Alfred Hitchcocks Psycho (1960.) It is said that people watching The Blair Witch Project were vomiting and passing out during the screening. For the first time in a horror film, the entire film was filmed on hand held camera. This added extraordinary realism to the film as there was no script, only scene direction. Even more strangely, the actors in the film did all the filming themselves, which was totally unheard of until this film was released. Again, this can be seen as disturbing for the viewer as the aspect of realism is even more evident. We will write a custom essay sample on The Blair Witch Project specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Blair Witch Project specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Blair Witch Project specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Blair Witch Project was an independent film produced by Eduardo Sanchez and Daniel Myrick. The story revolves around three film students filming a documentary on the myth of The Blair Witch. Subsequently, they disapeer whilst filming the documentary, and the footage they filmed was found a year later in a duffel bag also containing empty film cans, and personal items. This footage is what is shown in the film. The Blair Witch Project was created extremely well as Sanchez and Myrick only had a budget of $25,000 and eight days to film, using low cost 16mm black and white film. On the closing day of the film at cinemas across the globe, the film had taken an estimated $140,000,000. Making it the most successful film of its kind. Sanchez and Myrick chose not to use a script, but to intentionally scare their actors, and film what reactions they received. It is said that on one night of filming, when the actors were asleep in their tent, Sanchez and Myrick went up to the tent and played a recording of children screaming and crying and banged the sides ofd the tent in. the reaction of the actors is great. They get out of the tent and run off into the woods screaming and shouting. This is just one example of how Sanchez and Myrick developed a new kind of filming. Even more cleverly, a website was set up in 1998, www.blairwitch.com which included TV reports of three missing film students in the woods near to Burketsville, interviews with the family of the students, aswell as with members of the search party sent out to look for them. Scientific analysts were also interviewed. They gave their views on what was found in the duffel bag. Photographs of the students and places they visited can also be seen on the website. Even posters were put up around the USA informing people of the students disappearance . Although the town of Burketsville is fictional, the town that was used for filming has received thousands of visitors thanks to the success of The Blair Witch Project .All of the above made people believe that the film was true and that three students had actually gone missing. This website received over 50,000,000 hits even before the film had been released. As, you can expect, with all the hype surrounding the film, a large amount of money was taken on the films opening weekend. $1,500,000 to be exact. The actors used in the film used their real names to add realism to the story. If they had been given false names then the USA might not have believed the story to be true. According to the website www.aintitcoolnews.com The Blair Witch Project is the scariest film ever produced. They claim that because the film plays with your mind, you are more likely to be effected by it rather than if it was a film with lots of blood and gore content. They also go on to say that because many boy scouts and families go camping in the woods, it has an unbelievable effect on the USA. As, the film is filmed in a real environment, such boy scouts and families have visited such places and this helps the reality of the film to hit home hard. The Blair Witch Project can be said to have re-invented the horror genre as it can be held responsible for the rise in audience figures for horror films post Blair Witch Project. E.g. Freddy Vs Jason has just been knocked of the top of the box office chart after a month at the top. So, who knows what the future holds for horror? I anticipate that more experimental films will be produced following the success of The Blair Witch Project, helping to keep the genre alive and as strong as ever.

History of Computer Printers

History of Computer Printers The history of computer printers started in 1938 when  Chester Carlson  invented a dry printing process called electrophotography commonly called a Xerox, the foundation technology for laser printers to come. In 1953, the first high-speed printer was developed by Remington-Rand for use on the  Univac  computer.   The original laser printer called EARS was developed at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center beginning in 1969 and completed in November  1971. Xerox Engineer Gary Starkweather adapted Xerox copier technology adding a laser beam to it to come up with the laser printer. According to Xerox, The Xerox 9700 Electronic Printing System, the first xerographic laser printer product, was released in 1977. The 9700, a direct descendant from the original PARC EARS printer which pioneered in laser scanning optics, character generation electronics, and page formatting software, was the first product on the market to be enabled by PARC research. IBM Printer According to IBM, the very first IBM 3800 was installed in the central accounting office at F. W. Woolworth’s North American data center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1976. The IBM 3800 Printing System was the industry’s first high-speed, laser printer. It was a laser printer that operated at speeds of more than 100 impressions-per-minute. It was the first printer to combine laser technology and electrophotography according to IBM. Hewlett-Packard In 1992, Hewlett-Packard released the popular LaserJet 4, the first 600 by 600 dots per inch resolution laser printer.   In 1976, the inkjet printer was invented, but it took until 1988 for the inkjet to become a home consumer item with Hewlett- Packards release of the DeskJet inkjet printer, priced at a whopping $1000.   The History of Printing The earliest dated printed book known is the Diamond Sutra, printed in China in 868 CE. However, it is suspected that book printing may have occurred long before this date.   Before Johannes Gutenberg, printing was limited in the number of editions made and nearly exclusively decorative, used for pictures and designs. The material to be printed was carved into wood, stone, and metal, rolled with ink or paint and transferred by pressure to parchment or vellum.  Books were hand copied mostly by members of religious orders. Gutenberg  was a German craftsman and inventor. Gutenberg is best known for the Gutenberg press, an innovative printing press machine that used movable type. It remained the standard until the 20th century. Gutenberg made printing cheap. Ottmar Mergenthalers invention of the linotype composing the machine  in 1886 is regarded as the greatest advance in printing since the development of moveable type 400 years earlier. Teletypesetter, a device for setting type by  telegraph, was  developed by F.E. Gannett of Rochester, New York, W.W. Morey of East Orange, New Jersey, and Morkrum-Kleinschmidt Company, Chicago, Illinois The first demo of Walter Moreys Teletypesetter took place in Rochester, New York, in 1928. Louis Marius Moyroud and Rene Alphonse Higonnet developed the first practical phototypesetting  machine. The phototypesetter that used a strobe light and a series of optics to project characters from a spinning disk onto photographic paper. In 1907, Samuel Simon of Manchester England was awarded a patent for the process of using silk fabric as a printing screen. Using materials other than silk for screen printing has a long history that begins with the ancient art of stenciling used by the Egyptians and Greeks as early as 2500 B.C.

Family Relationships Role-Plays English Lesson

Family Relationships Role-Plays English Lesson Using dialogues in class allows students to work on a wide range of skills. Asking students to write up their own role-plays can extend the activity to include written work, creative development, idiomatic expressions, and so on. This sort of activity is perfect for upper-intermediate to advanced level students. This family role-play lesson focuses on relationships between family members. If your students need help developing their family-related vocabulary you, use this exploring relationships vocabulary sheet to provide help. Aim: Consolidate skills through role-play creationActivity: Creation and in-class performance of role-plays related to family relationshipsLevel: Upper-intermediate to advanced Lesson Outline Use this activity as a larger theme-related objective focusing on vocabulary and communication skills related to family relationships.Quickly review the language of compromise. Write helpful phrases and expressions on the board so the students can reference these later in the activity.Pair up students. Ask them to imagine various scenarios that could lead to interesting discussions in the family.Hand out the role-play sheet and ask students to choose a scenario from those provided. If students are not interested in any of the provided role-play situations, ask them to use one of the scenarios they came up with in the warm-up activity.Have students write out their role-play.Assist students checking their grammar, suggesting alternate appropriate phrases and vocabulary.Allow students ample time to practice their role-play. If they can manage to memorize the role-play, the final performance will most likely be much more entertaining and instructive for all involved.Students perform thei r role-plays for the entire class. As a follow-up activity, ask students to choose one of the role-plays they were not involved in and write up a short summary of the conversation. Family Role-Plays Choose a role-play from one of the following scenarios. Write it up with your partner, and perform it for your classmates. Your writing will be checked for grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc., as will your participation, pronunciation, and interaction in the role-play. The role-play should last at least 2 minutes. You are a student at an English institute outside of your country. You’d like your parents to send you some more spending money. Telephone your father (your partner in the role-play) and ask for more money. Your father feels that you are spending too much money. Come to a compromise.You are visiting your cousin (your partner) whom you haven’t seen in a long time. Catch up on all the news from your two families, as well as from your own lives.You are a student who has improved at school, but your mother/father (your partner) doesn’t feel that you have done enough. Discuss together what you can do to improve your grades, but also recognize your increased efforts.You are the aunt/uncle of your partner. Your partner wants to ask you about what life was like with your brother (your partner’s father) when you were both teenagers. Have a discussion about the old times.You would like to get married to a man/woman your parents do not approve of. Have a discussion w ith your mother/father (your partner) about your plans. Try to break the news gently, while still maintaining your desire to get married. You are having a discussion with your husband/wife (your partner) about your son who is having problems at school. Accuse each other of not being a good parent, but try to come to a conclusion that will help your child.You are a technological wizard and have a new idea for a great startup on the internet. Try to convince your father to fund your business with a $100,000 loan. Your partner will be your father who is very skeptical about your idea because he thinks you should be a doctor.

Cybercrime and Strategic Decision Making Term Paper

Cybercrime and Strategic Decision Making - Term Paper Example As the study stresses the development of information technology has been driving the world towards becoming more digitalization. The digitalization of the world has lead towards the emergence of new and potential threat of cybercrime. Different types of cybercrime have been constantly increasing with which the business communities are frequently required to deal. The increasing cyber-crime and hacking are firmly driven by several factors. That may include nation-states and political goals. Simultaneously, the frequency of cyber-attacks such as hacking has soared to manifold in the recent years and has been practiced routinely. The major global corporations in the recent time have been experiencing an increased level of hacking events. From the report it is clear that cybercrime is often regarded as a set of practices associated with computer crime, which involves breaching security policies and accessing confidential information through an unauthorized access. It is a particular instrument to conduct illegal activities such as fraud, unauthorized access, intentional system malfunctioning or damage of other’s electronic assets. The economic consequences of cybercrime and hacking are conceived to substantial particularly for the businesses engaged in e-commerce. The immediate impact cybercrime and hacking on the organization is associated with the damage to IT system. The organization falling victim of these cyber-attacks is likely to experience disruption of business functioning as well as delays in transaction and cash flow

International Financial Accounting Bosch 2006 annual report Essay

International Financial Accounting Bosch 2006 annual report - Essay Example Its spare parts are available for all vehicles. Under automative technology, Bosch engineers develop and test product innovations for motor vehicle manufacturers in research centers around the world. Bosch products go into serial production for new vehicles produced by many different manufacturers around the world once they have undergone extensive testing and meet its strict quality requirements. Bosch has contributed significantly towards making driving safer, cleaner and more economical being one of the largest manufacturers and suppliers of spare parts. (http://www.bosch.com/content/language2/html/3506.htm) Bosch is also a major producer and mahufacturer of home power tools, household appliances, garden tools and heating appliances. At the industry and trade Bosch provides communications services, power tools for professionals, sensors and foundry, security systems and packaging technology. The aim of this paper is analyse Bosch's 2005 annual report so as to assess the influence of institutional, cultural and external factors on the financial accounting and reporting system of Bosch. The rest of the paper is organised as follows: Section 2 provides an analysis of the the institutional, external and cultural influences on the financial reporting system, and a classification for the Accounting system, Section 3 looks at the extent to which Bosch is related to the international Accounting standards (IAS/IFRS) of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GAAP of the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). 2. ANALYSIS OF THE INSTITUTIONAL, EXTERNAL AND CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON THE FINANCIAL REPORTING 2.1 Institutional Influences 2.1.1 Management Structure The management structure has got an important role to play in the type of accounting system used. In the words of Hermann Scholl: "Responsible corporate management is partly about striking the right balance - a balance between result focus and values such as responsibility, openness and trust, fairness, credibility,and cultural diversity. This is fundamental to long-term success." (extracted from Bosch Group Annual Report, 2005). According to the 2005 Annual Report the supervisory council is kept informed by the board of management throughout the year and give close attention at its meetings to business developments, corporate strategy, the financial situation, and investment plans. It receives briefings on and appraises the business environment, new engineering developments, and the competitive position of the individual divisions, quality issues and cost cutting measures. This has an influence on the system on the financial reporting system. Bosch announced in its 2005 annual report that it is adapting an IFRS based internal control system as from 2006 onwards. A monthly business report will be prepared and they explain that the system gives the board management a survey of developments on corporate, business sector, and division levels. Comparison is done via an actual-target comparison, which is based on the annual business plan. The business plan has a

Ethics of Engineering Essay Example for Free

Ethics of Engineering Essay Risk can be defined in many different versions basing on the specified use and situational context. It can simply means the future negative circumstances that can be prevented or mitigated, rather than day to day that calls for immediate attention. When it comes to risk management, the word hazard can be used to define a situation that would lead to harm while the word risk would mean a probability of anything occurring. This concept was applied at planning of delta works in the nineteenth century, which is a flood preventing project in western country. The type of risk analysis is now common in sites like chemical industry and nuclear power. Determining engineering risk is somewhere hard especially in industries where there is production of toxic materials. The way forward to measure individual life cost caused by the loss differs basing on the aim or purpose. Most measures entail what individuals are able to give to insure against death (National Academy of Engineering National Academies Press (US), 2004). Categories of risk -financial risk; is mostly termed as the unplanned variability of returns which covers bad-than-unplanned as well as good-than-desired returns. Basing on statistics risk is always placed to the probability of a number of outcomes that are mostly undesirable (Morse Babcock, 2009). Often the probability of the event and various assessment of its perceived harm need to be joined into a believable outcome, which joins a group of risk, regret and pay probabilities in a desired value for that same outcome. Risk is therefore assessed as a task of three variables namely the probability that there might be a negative warning, the presence of vulnerability and finally potential improvement in business. The first two probabilities are joined together and sometimes called likelihood, if any of the named variables above almost results to zero, the whole risk results to zero. Risk can further be defined as a state of lacking complete certainty where a number of possibilities entail a loss or various unexpected outcome. Measurement of risk; a group of possibilities with which each has a quantified probability and quantified losses From the text above it is vital for one to have uncertainty with no risk but not have risk without uncertainty. People can be uncertain concerning who will be the winner in a contest but unless they hold individuals stake in it, they hold no risk (Martin Schinzinger, 2005). If people bet some finances on the results of the contest, then it is true they have a risk. In this similar occurrences there are different outcome. The value of uncertainty only defines the probabilities kept for outcomes, as the calculation of risk calls for the two outcomes that is probability and quantified (National Academy of Engineering National Academies Press (US), 2004). Insurance and heath risk insurance is a type of risk lowering investment whereby the customer gives some agreed amount to be safer incase a negative issue arises. In this way, the customer will be so sure a loss has not occurred. Buying a lottery ticket is a high-risk investment with a possibility of minimal reward but with a high chance of getting a loss (Moriarty, 2008). Banking some funds at a specific rate of interest is also taking a risk although the return is less but guaranteed. Some risks like in individual’s health could be minimized through primary prevention habits that lowers early occurrence of diseases or by secondary avoidance habits once an individual has been exposed to early symptoms and signs that could be a risk factor. Tertiary avoidance lowers the negative outcome of a disease that is already established by minimizing illness- associated complication and restoring the functions. Every medical professional needs clear discussions about risk factors with an individual client to acquire informed consent concerning tertiary and secondary avoidance efforts however the entire medical health efforts in primary avoidance needs education of the public group at risk (Martin Schinzinger, 2005). In each circumstance, excellent communication concerning any risk factors, predicted results and certainty should differentiate between causal circumstances that need to be reduced and associated circumstances which might be consequences rather than causes (Baura, 2006). Safety It can be defined as a situation of being secure, out of danger injury or risk or in other terms, it means events that call to lower or do away with hazardous situations that can lead to injury of the body. Categories of safety †¢ Occupational safety it is mainly based with risks in locations where individuals work that is in building and construction, business industries and organizations. †¢ public safety it deals with hazards in premises, journeys, touring and recreation, and in other various circumstances which is not within the category of occupational safety †¢ Marketing safety this entails security in purchasing of goods and even in producing. One must be sure the services offered will not lead to a negative outcome (Baura, 2006). On the other hand, the producers themselves should not risk in making a loss for this can cause the closure of a business. †¢ Insurance risk this avoids a great loss in business or in individuals investment incase an accident or an injury arises, that means the owner is secured. In case of an accident, it is always advisable to analyze the employees’ status of safety measures, which could be affected by outward working environment, attitudes directed to security and accident avoidance work and also leaders’ commitment in security promotion. Such kind of factors could be linked to work stress and risk behavior (Moriarty, 2008). The perceived risk behavior affects negative outcomes like accidents and near misses, while the possibility that discourages improvement in transforming a person’s risk perception towards embracing safety is still not yet clear (Martin Schinzinger, 2005). Competent verses incompetent A competent engineer is one whose work is recommendable and excellent; he evaluates, assesses and organizes the employees to work with an aim of meeting the company’s goals and objectives. He works under minimal supervision from the seniors, seeks for advice in times of difficulty and consults other professionals to add skills and knowledge (Harris et al 2008). Unlike incompetent engineer who might have no knowledge of his work and his end results after working are disgusting. Maintaining a competent engineer could be challenging unlike the incompetent one. A good engineer has most of the qualification required in his area of assignment; works well to produce excellent results while a good person is generally pleasing and manifests good characters but may be lacking qualifications in his work (National Academy of Engineering National Academies Press (US), 2004). A person may be competent but lacks good morals this can be evidenced by most of the employers who employ workers on condition to get ‘something’ in return. This is mostly happening in the modern world where most competent individuals have no integrity or character. In conclusion, it is better to risk taking an action despite of the unknown results rather than being safe in a condition whose guaranteed results are negative for example banking money to gain small interest instead of keeping it with you. Reference Baura, G. (2006). Engineering ethics: an industrial perspective. New York: Academic Press. Harris, C. , Pritchard, M. Rabins, M. (2008). Engineering Ethics: Concepts and Cases, 4th Ed. New York: Cengage Learning. Martin, M. Schinzinger, R. (2005). Ethics in engineering, 4th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishers. Moriarty, G. (2008). The engineering project: its nature, ethics, and promise. New York: Penn State Press. Morse, L. Babcock, D. (2009). Managing Engineering and Technology: An Introduction to Management for Engineers, 5th Ed. New York: Prentice Hall Publishers. National Academy of Engineering National Academies Press (US). (2004). Emerging technologies and ethical issues in engineering: papers from a workshop, October 14-15, 2003. New York: National Academies Press.

Urban Consolidation :: essays papers

Urban Consolidation Factors and Fallacies in Urban Consolidation: Introduction As proponents of urban consolidation and consolidated living continue to manifest in our society, we must ensure that our acknowledgment of its benefits, and the problems of its agitator (sprawl), do not hinder our caution over its continually changing objectives. Definition Like much urban policy, the potential benefits that urban consolidation and the urban village concept seek to offer are substantially undermined by ambiguous definition. This ambiguity, as expressed through a general lack of inter-governmental and inter-professional cohesion on this policy, can best be understood in terms of individual motives (AIUSH,1991). * State Government^s participatory role in the reduction of infrastructure spending. * Urban Professional^s recognition of the increased variability, robustness, and interest in both the urban area and their work. * Conservation Activist^s commendation of the lower consumption of resources, and reduced pressure on sensitive environment areas, suggestive of a reduction in urban sprawl. * The Development Industry^s equations of profit established through better and higher levels of land use. Essentially urban consolidation proposes an increase of either population or dwellings in an existing defined urban area (Roseth,1991). Furthermore, the suburban village seeks to establish this intensification within a more specific agenda, in which community is to be centred by public transport nodes, and housing choice is to be widened with increased diversity of housing type (Jackson,1998). The underlying premise of this swing towards urban regeneration, and the subsequent debate about higher-density development, is the reconsideration of the suburban ideal and the negative social and environmental implications inherent in its continuation (Johnson, 1994). In reference to this regeneration is the encouragement of greater community participation, a strengthening and broadening of urban life and culture, and a halt to physical, environmental and economic decline (Hill,1994). Myths and Misunderstanding The relative successes of practical solutions to the urban consolidation model are constrained within the assumptions underpinning them. Appropriating community desire towards a more urban lifestyle ignores the basic fact that people chose to live in the suburbs (Stretton,1975). Suburbia as an ideal, is a preference based on perpetual stability, be it though neighbourhood identity or the act of home ownership ^ a view not reflected in planning models heavily biased towards highly mobile societies. Cost benefits deemed to be provided by higher-density living, in terms of more efficient use of infrastructure, are realized primarily in the private sectors (Troy,1998). A result inconclusive to State government objectives towards reduced public spending. Traffic reduction as an expressed direct result of higher-density residential living is largely incorrect. A falsehood achieved by using density as a substitute for sociological variables such as income, household size, and lifestyle characteristics (Moriarty,1996). Traffic reduction stems primarily from a decision to drive (Engwight,1992), a

The Importance of Deductive Reasoning

The Importance of Deductive Reasoning Kelly Douglas CRT/205 Alicia Mandolini October 7, 2012 We make decisions each and every day; everything we say and do is the result of a decision. For every choice, big or small, there is no easy formula for making the right decision. The best an individual can do is to approach it from as many perspectives as possible and then choose a course of action that is reasonable and balanced at that time. It is important to understand what is known prior to making a decision because an individual needs to know what the overall goal is before thinking about it.There are many steps to decision making which begin with identifying the problem. If the problem is not identified, the individual making the decision would not have a starting point where to begin. The role of deductive reasoning in critical thinking is to take information away from the conclusion to prove that the conclusion is true. Deductive arguments provide support for a conclusion. It makes the strong assertion that the conclusion must follow the premises out of necessity. Denying the conclusion means that at least one of the premises is self-contradictory and thus is not true.The key to the credibility of a deductive conclusion lies in the premises. The process of deductive reasoning aids in the understanding of an argument because it starts with a general statement and then arrives at a specific conclusion. Deductive reasoning is basically a guideline for using the premise to end at the conclusion. An example of this would be the following. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal. There is no room to stray from the argument and the premise follows through to the conclusion.All the information provided tells us what conclusion we need to reach. Deductive reasoning is reasoning that involves a hierarchy of statements or truths. The general statement or premise is made and then arguments are made that take away all uncertainty and arrive at the conclusion. Deductive reasoning is exactly the opposite of inductive reasoning which adds to the premise in order to support the conclusion. There is no right or wrong way to approach making a decision, however; decision making can be made easier depending on the method that an individual chooses to employ.

Policing in Angola

Abstract With a need to maintain order and protect the citizens, nations such as Angola are grappling with how to create and maintain a police force. This study assesses the strengths and weaknesses of using non-state police forces in a law keeping and enforcement capacity. The results of this study illustrate that there is a high potential for corruption, yet, the need for protection is greater than the possibility of abuse. This study will be of interest to any person delving into the strengths and weaknesses of a non-state policing solution. 1 Introduction The need to ensure the security of the ordinary citizens in the nation of Angola on a day to day basis has prompted the consideration of creating and applying non-state policing actors (Hallsworth et al., 2011; Baker, 2006). With too little money from the regional government given for a police force, outside actors including businesses, private citizens and foreign nations can be utilized as investors in order to provide the service of policing the community. Non-state police forces are often unregulated and have the potential to take on a wide variety of forms that will speak to the characteristics of the surrounding population (Wood et al., 2007; Gill, 1994). Yet, it is necessary to avoid varied forces including vigilante groups that seek their own goals to neighbourhood watches and instead seek to stabilize a community made up of equally varied members giving the population to find them working against the same mutual enemy. Violent crime as well as rampant civil rights abuses has continuously promoted the need for a policing force throughout Angola and the entire African continent (Johnston et al., 2003; Wood et al., 2007). Alongside the need to keep the peace is the inherent need of the underlying community to support the force and the policies resting behind the enforcement of the tenants of the region. What cannot be denied is that despite the potential for abuse, there is a need for a centred and recognizable police force, whether a state or non-state actor, in order to ensure that day to day activities that contribute to the long term health of the nation are attended to. This brief illustrates the pro and con arguments surrounding the non-state police agenda and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the system. 2 Non state policing in Angola2.1 Pro non state policingThere is several sound reasons that a government such as Angola’s would choose to create and implement a non-state policing force (Wood et al., 2007; Hallsworth et al., 2011). Ranking as the primary motivation is the need for community security that allows for day to day activities to progress without hindrance. Furthermore, this perception of cultural stability aids in the operation of the underlying and associated financial and consumer markets that are themselves integral to the stability of the state (Crank et al., 2007; Baker, 2010). With a law abiding citizenry comes the opportunity to build a sound financial base that allows the operation of external and internal projects. With high crime rates to blame for abuses against the most vulnerable of Angola, the absence of a police force allows the criminal element to come to the fore, which in turn is directly against the needs of the regional population to grow and p rosper (Hallsworth et al., 2011; Baker, 2006). Enforcement of the law is only one facet of any regions police force, making the need for a working unit critical to Angola (Johnston et al., 2003). Absent the taxpayer funds to establish and operate a working force, the non-state police option provides a method that can accomplish the goals of both the government and the consumer community. With a private force the tax payer does not typically feel the sting of payment that these forces need to remain relevant in the states interest (Gill, 1994; Baker, 2006). This element provides many opportunities for private investors to step forth and equip the non-state police force in a manner that some of the poorer nations, such as Angola, can only hope to afford. Furthermore, a key advantage of many outside or private police entities are the established outside contacts and expertise that is brought into the region as a result of the engagement (Crank et al., 2007; Baker, 2006). In many cases the skilled labour may not be present in the im mediate area, requiring the need to look to the outside community for better talent and resources. Another opportunity provided by the consideration of a non-state police force in Angola is the potential to transform relations with neighbour nations or allies by incorporating elements of their working infrastructure (Gill, 1994; Johnston et al., 2003). It is become more common of multinational police forces to work together towards a goal that serves to benefit the entire international outlook by ensuring the stability of the region. Furthermore, this form of non-state or shared policing builds bridges and understanding between enforcement departments that often have work across national and international borders in order to address the issue at hand (Hallsworth et al., 2011). In summary, the primary positives resting behind the non-state police force in Angola is the increase in talent, decrease in state funds spent and the opportunity to find international partners that will assist to maintain order in the long run.2.2 Against Non-state policingAs with any employee or outside agency, bringing in an outside police force to Angola, holds the potential to be abused and subverted to the interests of others (Hallsworth et al., 2011; Baker, 2010). Private interests often play a pivotal role in choosing, maintaining and implementing any form of non-state policing, making the persons behind the effort at once suspect and complicit in the case of corruption. Lending itself well to the spectre of corruption, non-state policing can have chilling impact on the target community by stifling business and community activities to the point that there is a visible loss of enthusiasm and production (Johnston et al., 2003; Wood et al., 2007). Furthermore, this perception o f public abuse on the part of the policing efforts contributes to criminal activity and unproductive behaviour on the part of the local population. A secondary concern when dealing with a non-state police force in Angola is the need for the organisation to properly understand the community that they are assigned to protect (Wood et al., 2007; Crank et al., 2007). Many times an outside operator will mistake a cultural element as a risk, which in turn may lead to an issue that should never have been created in the first place. Furthermore, the local populace may not hold a great deal of confidence in the outside force, which can become a substantial hindrance in the operation of day to day policing activities (Baker, 2002; Wood et al., 2007). If the community is not helpful many opportunities will be lost to the non-state police effort. Yet, this can many times turn into a private citizenry that expects special favours of the police force, leading to another issue that has the potential to lead to widespread abuse and corruption. The level of training and professionalism among these private forces can quickly become a liability in the effort to sustain a working police force (Johnston et al., 2003; Baker, 2002). With many forces seeking to cut corners and save money whenever possible, there is a real potential to provide a undertrained and ill equipped force that could possible cause more harm than good in the region. Furthermore, the less training provided to the force enhances the opportunity for corruption and the skewing of the original effort to protect the citizenry (Baker, 2010; Crank et al., 2007). Finally, with a force that relies on funding there is the real possibility for a rich person or outside organisation to negatively influence the operation of the police force, making the need for oversight both critical and expensive (Wood et al., 2007; Gill, 1994). In summary, the negative aspects of using a non-state police force include possible corruption, lack of training and the absence of cultural sensitivity that aids in conducting many day to day police centred operations. Furthermore, there is the very real opportunity for a well-funded outside entity to have a substantial impact on the operation of the police force, which in turn can produce a range of further negativity. 3 Conclusion The need to ensure the security of the ordinary citizen on a day to day basis throughout Angola has prompted the consideration of a non-state policing system. As this brief indicates, there is a need for a police force in order to create a sustainable and liveable condition in the nation of Angola. Yet, as the evidence insists, the presence of corruption and abuse is likely. However, the need for citizenry protection and stability outweighs the possibility of negative policy. It would seem possible for an Angolan effort to keep the policing force transparent would lead to a working force that benefits the population more than the special interests. Coupled with the reduction in overall state costs, the prospect of a working police force provides outside investors with a reason to hope for stability, thereby increasing the likelihood of investment which aids in the building Angolan infrastructure. In the end, no matter the negative potential, the evidence suggests that a non-state policing force offers more benefit than detriment, leading to the recommendation of creating and implementing a non-state policing force in the African nation of Angola. References Baker, B. (2002). Living with non-state policing in South Africa: the issues and dilemmas. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 40(01). Baker, B. (2006). The African post-conflict policing agenda in Sierra Leone. Conflict, Security & Development, 6(1), pp.25-49. Baker, B. (2010). Grasping the Nettle of Nonstate Policing. Journal of International Peacekeeping, 14(3-4), pp.276-300. Crank, J. and Giacomazzi, A. (2007). Areal policing and public perceptions in a non?urban setting: one size fits one. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 30(1), pp.108-131. Gill, P. (1994). Policing politics. London: F. Cass. Hallsworth, S. and Lea, J. (2011). Reconstructing Leviathan: Emerging contours of the security state.Theoretical Criminology, 15(2), pp.141-157. Johnston, L. and Shearing, C. (2003). Governing security. London: Routledge. Wood, J. and Shearing, C. (2007). Imagining security. Cullompton: Willan. ZIMBABWE: Security Sector Reform Deadlock. (2011). Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 48(7), pp.18921C-18923C.

Undying Motherly Love

Undying Motherly Love Once, in Russia, there was a married couple, as happy as nobody ever saw. When they walked around their neighborhood, every neighbor was delighted at the happy sight. They could not be in more love. But when the couple found out they were to be parents. The happiness doubled, for that was their wish.At last, when Anya, the wife, and now mother gave birth to their child, Ivan, the husband and now father couldn't resist his growing happiness. But a cloud of sadness poured its shadow over them. When Anya had taken her first look at her child, she gave her last sigh, and died. Ivan, his heart broken for ever, held his dead wife's cold hand, and cried his heart out. How was he to take care of a child all alone?Ivan put the finest clothes he could find for her dead wife, when they buried her.St. TatianaHis grieve could not be compared. Now the whole village shared his mourning, for they loved the couple's sight, and the child was a gift from heaven.Ivan's child was very strange, for at day it cried and wailed like no other, no matter what he did, so he hired a woman to take care of him, Tatiana. When Ivan went to work out in the fields, the old woman would try to take care of the child, but it was too wild. No matter what she gave him or did, the child would scream as if he was in deep pain. But something strange also happened with the child. When night came upon them, it would stop crying, and be as quiet as air, you would think he wasn't there at all. This puzzled the old Tatiana, so one very cold night, she stayed up, sewing...

The Chatbot Revolution Why Resistance Is Futile With Larry Kim

The Chatbot Revolution Why Resistance Is Futile With Larry Kim When someone says, â€Å"chatbot,† do shivers go down your spine? Or, does a big grin cover your face? If chatbots are annoying and an invasion of privacy, why are so many people engaging with this technology? More than 25% of the world’s population is using message apps, and 71% of people use messaging apps for customer assistance. People want their problems solved quickly via personal experience. Enter chatbots. Exit traditional, one-way marketing, such as email, landing pages for Web forms, and blog posts. At least that’s what today’s guest believes. Larry Kim is the CEO of MobileMonkey, a messenger marketing platform. He describes chatbots, their benefits to marketers, and ways to utilize them. He shares how such technology will alter how we think about content creation, calls to action, and customer experiences. Chatbot Definition: Forget Siri or Alexa; think about chatbots as the top of the funnel, marketing, lead acquisition, nurturing, and conversion technology Chat marketing lets you push notifications to collect emails addresses to send newsletters and other content; get people to subscribe to your channel Messages vs. Emails: Differences include lack of response and interaction Typical open rate for emails is 5-10%, so 90-95% of people aren’t engaging; open rates for chat marketing are 70-80%, and click rates are 10-20% Use advertising to get people to click on an ad that takes them into a chat session, not to your Website Marketers should change how they engage with customers; create personalized experiences where chatbots come in to help with back-and-forth interactions Conventional marketing is based on assumptions made about the audience; chat removes assumptions by asking questions Companies doing online advertising should use Click-to-Messenger Ads; customer clicks the button to subscribe to messaging with your company Website chat where a box in the corner pops up to offer help is not new; most companies fail using it because it’s hard to have someone on-call to chat Chatbots offer Tier 1 support to handle certain questions and respond with user-provided content; create chat content and assign keyword triggers Reciprocal Concessions: If a  customer believes you’re being helpful to them, they’re more likely to buy from you Identify information customers want; post stories or declarative content, then post a conversation starter to spark them to share their opinions and thoughts Links: MobileMonkey Larry Kim on Twitter Larry Kim on Inc.com BI Intelligence HubSpot WordStream MailChimp Marketo Autopilot AdWords WhatsApp Messenger Instagram Write a review on iTunes and send a screenshot of it to receive a cool swag bag! If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Larry Kim: â€Å"I truly believe that messaging is the future. People already overwhelmingly prefer messaging for communication, but yet businesses haven’t figured this out.† â€Å"What you should be thinking about when you think chatbots is it’s the top of the funnel, marketing, lead acquisition, nurturing, and conversion technology.† â€Å"But the messages aren’t just emails. Emails are stupid. You can’t respond to them. They’re not very interactive.† â€Å"Users are okay with and actually covet communications with the companies and brands that they care about through messaging.†

B2B Marketing - Situation analysis for Trafalgar fire Australia Essay

B2B Marketing - Situation analysis for Trafalgar fire Australia - Essay Example Currently, Trafalgar manufactures two broad categories of products: the Trafalgar products composed of general building fire protection products and the Trafalgar Passive Fire solutions which includes passive fire containment and access panel products / systems for the building and construction industries. Trafalgar products, both for the passive fire solutions and general fire security products can be purchased from the Trafalgar main outlets and Fire Containment. With the new change, no notable developments are observed yet although the two companies are hopeful that the collaboration will bring forth exciting and dynamic range of fire protection products. The company has the luxury of targeting two spectrums of the market: the Class A with their passive fire resistant technology and the general market of builders with their Trafalgar products. The company boasts of its long history of existence and excellence in the business. It has been in operation for the last 60 years. The company’s products are proven to be effective and customer-friendly. One of the latest developments in the company is the provision of product testing and customer support. â€Å"Continuous fire and acoustic testing of our products at various testing authorities to Australia, New Zealand and other world-wide standards is a philosophy of Trafalgar† that enables the company â€Å"to offer the most advanced in technology to our customers and continuously improve and develop our products further to satisfy the current market demands† (Trafalgar). The company positions itself as a socially responsible corporation, committed to both sustainability and excellence. It has such strong corporate values, making it more appealing to the customers. What is more interesting is they do this without compromising quality. One of the competitors of Trafalgar is Rondo. â€Å"Rondo Building